Outline: Cardiovascular Physiology Dr. Abdulhalim Serafi, MB ChB,MSc,PhD,FESC Assistant Professor & Consultant Cardiologist Faculty of Medicine Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Al-Mukarramah Saudi Arabia, Part II CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE VIII:CORONARY CIRCULATION Outline: - Blood supply of the heart (arterial supply & venous drainage) - Characteristics of the coronary circulation - Coronary blood flow (CBF) - Factors affecting CBF (coronary circulation) - Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) - Angina pectoris and coronary thrombosis Further Reading: Guyton: Textbook of Medical Physiology Ganong: Review of Medical Physiology. PULMONARY BLOOD PRESSURE (PBP) The blood pressure is 25 mm Hg systolic & 10 mm Hg diastolic in pulmonary arteries, 10 mm Hg in pulmonary capillaries & 6 mm Hg in pulmonary veins. (5) Emotions: - ABP (mainly systolic) increases during emotions due to sympathetic over activity. (4) Exercise: - the ABP (systolic BP) increases during muscular exercise (due to increase of cardiac output) but it drops to pre-exercise level during recovery. right & left coronary arteries. 4- Chronic injection of supra-renal cortical hormones. This is called vasomotor tone and it is important to maintain normal ABP. solution of nutrients/wastes. 1. pitchbook product manager salary CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CORONARY CIRCULATION It is very short and very rapid (so it is essential to the heart). Exchange of gases between blood and alveolar air. properties of the cardiac muscle. Get powerful tools for managing your contents. Vasopressin urine vol. paroxysmal tachycardia diastolic period coronary filling (as it occurs mainly during ventricular diastole) CBF. Tissue cells rely on arterial diffusion to obtain nutrients and oxygen and to remove metabolic waste products. They are quite powerful reflexes. qiang xia ( ), md & phd department of physiology room c518, block c. Cardiovascular Physiology - . Volume of blood lost. acts through the kidney - Chemoreceptor reflexes. The materials contained in this web site focus on physiological concepts that serve as the basis of cardiovascular disease. Angiotensin II (AII) ABP by two mechanisms: 1) AII is a powerful vasoconstrictor generalized vasoconstriction peripheral resistance ABP. injection of histamine (in experimental animals) generalized vasodilatation circulatory capacity ABP (=histamine shock). Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. qiang xia ( ), phd department of physiology room c518, block c, research, Cardiovascular Physiology - . The blood flow in active areas due to VD produced by PCO2, PO2 & H+(mainly PCO2) and vice versa (VV). Chemoreceptor reflexes: ABP (as in haemorrhage) blood flow to the peripheral chemoreceptors hypoxia of these receptors ( PO2) reflex of heart rate + reflex vasoconstriction of the arterioles ABP. : Baroreceptors reflexes (=arterial baroreceptors reflex mechanisms): = Feed-back control system that prevents sudden or of ABP e.g. metabolites, acetylcholine, histamine and bradykinine. 2. 2022 SlideServe | Powered By DigitalOfficePro, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - E N D - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. . qiang xia ( ), phd department of physiology room c518, block c, research building, These anatomizes are not sufficient to supply the cardiac, The coronary vessels are susceptible to degeneration and. Electrocardiography Method of measuring the electrical activity of the heart from electrodes placed on the . Hypoxia, hypercapnia and rise of H produce V.C. ABP. Rapid and weak pulse: and in severe haemorrhage, the pulse is hardly felt. Autoregulation of the Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) A sudden in the ABP transient increase in the cerebral BF. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Cardiovascular Anatomy Weighs between 200-400 grams By the end of a normal life it may have beat more than 3.5 billion times Each day the heart beats 100,000 times Pumping about 7,751 litres of blood. All Time. - Cardiovascular physiology. AI and Machine Learning Demystified by Carol Smith at Midwest UX 2017, Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project, Harry Surden - Artificial Intelligence and Law Overview, No public clipboards found for this slide. Hypotension blood flow to the brain (ischaemia). You can read the details below. (3) Body Built: - The ABP of obese persons is usually higher than that of persons with normal body weight. Normal degree of peripheral resistance. heart rate of diastolic BP & HR of diastolic BP. PHYSIOL. Normal diastolic BPis produced and maintained by: Elastic recoil of aorta and large arteries. Chapter 9: Cardiac Muscle; The Heart As A Pump and Function of the Heart Valves Guyton and Hall, Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12 th edition Slide 2 Physiology of Cardiac Muscle Physiologic Anatomy a.Muscle fibers arranged in a latticework b.Striated and Involuntary c.Actin and myosin, typical myofibrils d.Sliding filament mechanism Slide 3 regulation of blood pressure. However, this renders this area more liable to ischemia and infarction. : Nervous mechanisms e.g. 4. tubes. b) Hormonal mechanisms e.g. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Changes in PR affect diastolic BP more than systolic BP PR depends mainly on 2 factors: Diameter of arterioles: - VC of arterioles PR ABP - VD of arterioles PR ABP Blood viscosity - Blood viscosity PR ABP - Blood viscosity PR ABP, Regulation of the diameter of the arterioles (=Nervous & chemical regulation) Nervous Regulation The diameter of arteriole is under the control of the vaso-motor center (VMC) present in the medulla oblongata and the VC sympathetic tone (from VMC) to the arterioles) The activity of the VMC is modified by impulses from the arterial baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, atrial receptors and other receptors e.g. Cardiovascular Physiology. - the diastolic BP may remain unchanged or it id slightly decreased due to vasodilatation of the arterioles of the active skeletal muscles. figure 14-7g. systemic diseases, Cardiovascular Physiology - . This response is very important in cases of severe hypotension, at blood pressures below 60 mm Hg. A.B.P. Includes: Includes: a) Nervous mechanisms e.g. 2412 Views Download Presentation. Figure. action of the left ventricle Haemorrhagic shock e.g. Fibrous insulator exists between atrium and ventricle. Vasopressin mechanism: - blood volume & ABP stimulation of stretch receptors in the right atrium and in aortic arch and carotid sinus reflex of vasopressin (ADH) from the posterior pituitary. cardiac metabolites active hyperemia during cardiac activity = auto regulation of CEF O2 lack (hypoxia) is the most effective coronary vasodilator. 168cc lf161qmk. SPECIALIZED EXCITATORY AND CONDUCTIVE MUSCLE - exhibit automatic rhythmical electrical discharge in the form of action potentials or conduction of the action potentials through the heart CARDIAC MUSCLE ANATOMY : Hormonal mechanisms e.g. These reactions restore blood pressure and blood volume in mild or moderate haemorrhage. The high intracranial pressure compression of the intracranial arteries blood flow to the brain ischaemia of the medullary centers generalized vasoconstriction of ABP to maintain the blood flow to the brain (despite the increased intracranial pressure). The CNS Ischaemic response: Ischaemia of the CNS (brain) produces generalized vasoconstriction and elevation of ABP. Renin acts as a proteolytic enzyme which acts on a plasma 2 globulin formed by the liver called angiotensinogen and converts it into decapeptide called angiotensin I (AI). heart, Cardiovascular Physiology - . Aldosterone secreted by the supra renal cortex. shock: definition inadequate perfusion to tissues large enough to compromise the supply of nutrients and removal of metabolic waste resulting in compromised organ functions usually recognised by clinical features suggestive of reduced blood flow reduced capillary fill cold clammy hands or feet widening core-toe temperature gradient lecture outline. PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIATIONS IN ABP: AGE: - At birth, the ABP is about 80/40 - At the age of 120 years, the ABP is about 120/ 80 - The ABP tends to increase with age e.g. CORONARY BLOOD FLOW Under resting conditions coronary blood flow (CBF) in the human heart is about 250 ml/ minute (=5% of the cardiac output). Changes in the peripheral resistance affect diastolic BP more than systolic BP. They play a very important role to prevents reflexes correct a rise in pressure by decreasing the cardiac pumping (decrease in heart rate) and the peripheral resistance (vasodilatation). The diastolic BP shows little or no change. shock (histamine shock). b) Cardiac Output: CBF is directly proportional to COP i.e. It may be: External haemorrhage: in which the blood is shed outside the body or Internal haemorrhage: in which the blood passes from vascular system to tissue spaces or to the body cavities (e.g. apartments in dearborn. 3- Experimental neurosis by efferent stimuli such as loud noises. Cardiovascular physiology. Hypertension is a chronic state of elevated arterial blood pressure: The upper limits of normal ABP in different age groups Any levels higher than these limits are considered as hypertension. Muscle strength Pulmonary ventilation Cardiac output 11% difference in performance in women Body fat distribution. dr. abeer a. al-masri, phd a. professor, consultant, Cardiovascular Physiology - . Cardiovascular Physiology - . part 2 cardiac output & control systems. - ABP filtration (=fluid shift) from the capillaries to the interstitial fluid (tissue fluid) ABP. injection of noradrenalin generalized vasoconstriction of the circulatory capacity ABP. In a normal adult, the brain weight about 1.5 kg (=2% of body weight) and it receives about 750 ml blood/minute (15% of the cardiac output). We've encountered a problem, please try again. general functions components production & function of. Ed. PPT - Ref. Course Description: VTT103 Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology (3-4-5) External anatomy, skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, renal and reproductive systems, sensory organs and gastrointestinal tract of the dog and cat. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. Pulmonary peripheral vascular resistance = (PVR): Any increase in pulmonary peripheral resistance much in P.B.P. electrophysiology of the heart. . Cardiovascular Physiology - . b) Short pulmonary capillaries and veins which are easily distensible. metabolites, acetylcholine, histamine and bradykinine. EFFECTS OF HAEMORRHAGE The following effects are produced by haemorrhage: Hypotension: because the loss of blood blood volume C.O.P. The severe vasoconstriction elevates the ABP toward normal to improve the blood flow to the brain. We've encountered a problem, please try again. wu minfan department of physiology, shenyang medical, CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY - . pump. Cardiovascular System MCQs :- 1. CONTROL OF ABP The normal mean ABP ensures a steady blood flow or perfusion to the tissues, particularly the vital organs e.g. section 1 basic cardiac anatomy and physiology. Respiratory Movements: During Inspiration P.B.P is , because inspiration expansion of the lung dilatation of pulmonary vessels P.B.P. baroreceptors reflexes. Each cardiac cycle is initiated by the cardiac impulse which originates from the SA node. This prevents the diastolic BP from reaching a low level. part 4. lecture outline. (which increases the PR) c) Generalized venoconstriction (which increases the VR, CVP and CO) Respiration is also accelerated (which helps increasing the VR and consequently the CO) and ACTH is secreted (this hormone stimulates release of glucocorticoids which increase the vascular reactivity to catecholamine). In the medulla oblongata, ischaemia local hypoxia, hypercapnia ( CO2) and acidosis ( H+) which are strong stimulants of the vasoconstrictor centre (VMC) ABP toward normal to improve blood flow to the brain. Increase of the circulatory capacity (with normal blood volume) ABP e.g. REFLEXES THAT CONTROL CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION Cheryl M. Heesch Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 AM. The arterial baroreflexes are very rapid. vasomotor tone more constriction of the arterioles PR ABP vasomotor tone less constriction of the arterioles VD PR ABP Chemical regulation: - The arterioles show VC or VD by some chemical or hormonal agents: Vasoconstrictor substance: e.g. Forssmann catheterize his heart safely nine times till he had no more peripheral veins left to try. Its function is to deliver the total amount of blood and its components needed to the tissues, distribute it to each specific tissue area based on need (nutrient need and waste removal) and then to return what remains back to the heart. control mechanism. 14. structure of the heart. Normal diastolic BPis important for: Filling of the coronary arteries which occurs mainly during ventricular diastole. EFFECTS OF HAEMORRHAGE Hypotension ( ABP) inadequate perfusion Cerebral hypoxia (ischaemia) depression of brain (cortex and centers) coma. - Epinephrine causes HR & nor epinephrine causes strong VC ABP. 2. Aldosterone hormone which is secreted from the suprarenal cortex and it helps Na+ and H2O reabsorption from the renal tubules blood volume. Dr. Abdulhalim Serafi, MB ChB,MSc,PhD,FESC Assistant Professor & Consultant Cardiologist Faculty of Medicine Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Al-Mukarramah Saudi Arabia. Sports Physiology. student manual dr. guido e. santacana. student lecture. View 11 B-Cardiovascular Physiology.ppt from PHYSIOLOGY 2010 at University of Central Florida. qiang xia ( ), phd department of physiology room c518, block c, research building, - the diastolic BP may remain unchanged or it id slightly, Vasodilatation of arterioles of their diameter , Factors that determine the peripheral resistance, Regulation of the diameter of the arterioles. It is frequently complicated by ventricular fibrillation death. blood heart peripheral circulation. - Auto regulation and control of the cerebral blood flow (CBF). If the rise (mean pressure 70-140 mm Hg) in pressure is maintained, auto-regulation mechanisms operate to restore the cerebral BF to its normal level within 1-2 minutes. Chapter 19. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. is prolonged, the right ventricles hypertrophies and it may finally fail. Slide 1 The cardiovascular system consists of a network of vessels that circulates blood throughout the body, motored by the action of the heart. in skeletal muscles and skin. 12th. Summary BODY REACTION TO HAEMORRHAGE Immediate CompensatoryDelayed Compensatory ReactionsReactions heart rate COP Secretion of ADH & Vasoconstriction of aldosterone retention arterioles (PR)of water plasma volume. I like this service www.HelpWriting.net from Academic Writers. 277 (ADV. CBF. after, Regulation (control) of the blood volume includes the, ABP reflex of heart rate + reflex, The arterial baroreflexes are very rapid. and reserve proteins secretion of adrenaline & from the tissues to the Noradrenaline plasma proteins. mechanism - Aldosterone c) Capillary fluid shift Long-term regulation=renal mechanisms: - body fluid-pressure - Shift of fluid from capillaries control mechanism. Pulse pressure: It is the difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure e.g. Cardiac Cycle increase in the heart rate and vasoconstriction. - Shock (types and causes) - Heart Failure: : Left-sided heart failure (causes & manifestations) : Right-sided heart failure (causes & manifestations) Further Reading: Guyton: Textbook of Medical Physiology Ganong: Review of Medical Physiology. The activity of the VMC (:: sympathetic vasomotor tone) is modified impulses from the arterial baroreceptors, the peripheral chemoreceptors, atrial receptors and other receptors e.g. Features expanded clinical coverage including obesity, metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, Alzheimer's disease, and other degenerative diseases. Peripheral resistance Arterial elasticity Blood volume ABP is related to the cardiac output and peripheral resistance according to the following equation: ABP = Cardiac output x Peripheral resistance. ABP reflex of heart rate + reflex vasodilatation of arterioles ABP. Source: The Guyton and Hall Physiology. You can read the details below. - Coronary Inflow (arterial) occurs mainly during diastole, because during systole the coronary arteries are mechanically compressed by the contracting myocardium, i.e. properties of the cardiac muscle. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secreted by the posterior pituitary. Chemical or metabolic control: Blood flow to the brain is regulated mainly by its own metabolism. Nerve Supply: Sympathetic stimulation constriction of pulmonary vessels P.B.P. Normal diastolic blood pressure is important for coronary filling because filling of coronary arteries occurs mainly during ventricular diastolic. c) Hormones Thyroxin cardiac metabolism coronary vasodilator CBF. 1 anatomy and-physiology-of-the-cardiovascular-system (2), Anatomy, physiology & patophysiology of the cardiovascular, cardiovascular physiology based on Ganong's, Physiology of cardiovascular system dr toufiqur rahman, Cardiovascularsystem 110221045748-phpapp02, Anatomy and-physiology-of-the-cardiovascular-system-medical-surgical-nursing-ppt, Ppt cvs phsiology a small review for anaesthetist, James Malce Alo, PhD, MAN, MAPsych, RN, OSHA, The assessment of confusion in the older adult, Respiratory anatomy and physiology faculty version, Clinical examination of the gi tract and abdomen [recovered] [recovered], Structured examination of the Respiratory System. - ABP filtration & reabsorption (fluid shift) from the interstitial fluid into the capillaries blood volume ABP. Blood viscosity (V): This is determined mainly by the haematocrit value and to a lesser extent by the plasma proteins. +. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. without much in P.B.P. Coronary Thrombosis occlusion of one of the coronary arteries or its branches necrosis of the area supplied by the occluded artery myocardial infarction. Human Anatomy & Physiology: Cardiovascular Physiology Ziser 2404 Lecture Notes, 2005 3 idea of how rapidly the impulses are being conducted and how the heart is functioning Cardiac Cycle 1 complete heartbeat (takes ~ 0.8 seconds) consists of: systole contraction of each chamber diastole relaxation of each chamber two atria contract simultaneously (Voltage) TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY GUYTON & HALL 11TH EDITION UNIT II CHAPTER 5 Dr.Mohammed Alotaibi MRes, PhD (Liverpool, England) . The brain is highly sensitive to hypoxia or ischaemia because of 3 factors: The high metabolic rate of the brain compared with that of the whole body. excitability, Cardiovascular Physiology - . The structured interpretation of chest x rays. Hormonal mechanisms for rapid control of ABP e.g: c) Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism: 2) A II stimulates the secretion of Aldosterone. During each cardiac cycle, certain events occur in the heart and these include pressure changes, volume changes, production of heart sounds, closure and opening of heart valves and electrical changes in the heart. Acts as a blood reservoir. Hormonal mechanisms for rapid control of ABP e.g: Epinephrine-nor epinephrine mechanism: - ABP a baroreceptors reflex sympathetic stimulation secretion of epinephrine and nor epinephrine from the suprarenal medulla. Moderate of blood volume baroreceptors reflex heart rate and vasoconstriction of arterioles ABP towards normal. : Capillary fluid shift mechanism. PHYSIOLOGY OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Physiology of the Heart Heart rate = 70/min, 100 000/day, 5 1/min, 4 500 l/day Morphology of the heart: 2 separate pumps - right/left Each - from 2 pumps - atria/vetricle Endocardium Myocardium - heart muscle Pericardium Histology: Arrangement of the cardiac muscle fibers (lattice-work) properties of the cardiac muscle:. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. The anginal pain may radiate to left shoulder, left arm or forearm, or abdomen. It is formed of the basian veins and arterio-sinusoidal vessels that open directly into the heart chamber. Part II CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE X:HAEMORRHAGE, SHOCK & HEART FAILURE Outline: - Haemorrhage: : Effects of haemorrhage. The PR varies directly with the blood viscosity (i.e. Maryam Fida Follow Optometrist & Orthoptist 14. structure of the heart. Pale and cold skin: the skin is pale due constriction of skin capillaries and it is cold due to constriction of skin arterioles blood volume passing through the skin. Experimental hypertension is of great value in study in the possible causes of hypertension in man and the effect of drugs on hypertension. In arterioscleroses The arterial elasticity is decreased systolic BP diastolic BP. It may be one of the following types: 1- Primary (essential) hypertension: This occurs as a result of arteriolar vasoconstriction. Regulation of mean ABP includes: Short-term regulation. The glycogen content of the brain meets its metabolic needs only for 2 minutes. It produces coronary vasodilatation through: Direct action on coronary blood vessels and Release of chemical substances such as adenosine (from ATP) which is a potent coronary vasodilator. SEX: - The ABP is slightly higher in adult males than adult females - After menopause (stoppage of menstrual cycle in females which occurs usually at the of 45 years), the ABP may be the same in females and males, but sometimes it becomes higher in females, probably due to hormonal change. During an epileptic attack, the blood flow increases in the epileptic focus but in other parts of the brain. Part II CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY. 3. Cardiac cycle (The Guyton and Hall physiology). SHOCK - Shock is a clinical syndrome characterized by inadequate tissue perfusion due to decreased cardiac output and decreased ABP (hypotension). Vasoconstriction of arterioles of their diameter PR ABP (manly diastolic), Vasodilatation of arterioles of their diameter PR ABP (mainly diastolic) Blood Viscosity: PR is directly proportional to the blood viscosity. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. cardiac work CBF and cardiac work CBF. N.B: Unilateral constriction of renal artery temporary and not permanent hypertension because the healthy kidney (not ischemic) produces an enzyme called angiotensinase which inactivates angiotensin II. Thus, occlusion of a large branch of the coronary artery e.g. cardiovascular disease is #1 cause of death major underlying cause is ischemia due to: Cardiovascular Physiology - . by a tumour. During each cardiac cycle, certain events occur in the heart and these include pressure changes, volume changes, production of heart sounds, closure and opening of heart valves and electrical changes in the heart. RMP is less negative because of some opened Na channels, normal permeability to Na also causing a slow depolarization BODY REACTION TO HAEMORRHAGE Compensatory reactions in acute haemorrhage Immediate compensatory reactions Immediate reactionsaim at rapid elevation of the arterial B.P. Sequence of events from the beginning of one systole to the beginning of next consecutive systole. action potentials conduction pathways ekgs. 1. in left-sided heart failure or mitral stenosis passage of fluid into the alveoli 2. a. b. m. c. l. d. e. k. f. j. i. h. Cardiovascular Physiology - . review integrated cardiac, Cardiovascular Physiology - Cardiovascular physiology. CONTROL OF ABP Factors that determine and maintain ABP Cardiac output. blood heart peripheral circulation. PR V). Further Reading: Guyton: Textbook of Medical Physiology Ganong: Review of Medical Physiology. cardiovascular system function functional anatomy of the heart myocardial. epinephrine nor epinephrine. Female and Male Athletes. Click here to review the details. - It is also called warm shock. Vasoconstrictor substance: e.g. It includes the hormonal mechanism which acts through the kidney Regulation of extra-cellular fluid (blood volume with its effects on ABP) Excretion of water and electrolytes in urine. The blood flow in the pulmonary capillaries is rapid 0.75 second at rest. 2. brain and heart. Hypovolaemic shock 2. Marked or excessive decrease of blood volume e.g. Depolarization only by opening of slow Na-Ca channels. VENTRICULAR MUSCLE 3. View Cardiovascular Physiology.ppt from PHYSIOLOGY 001 at Los Angeles Southwest College. dr. abdulhalim serafi, mb chb,msc,phd,fesc assistant professor & consultant, Cardiovascular Physiology - . emphysema Left-sided heart failure. The coronary vessels are susceptible to degeneration and atherosclerosis. Long-term regulation. Part II CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE IXPULMONARY CIRCULATION & CEREBRAL CIRCULATION Outline: Pulmonary Circulation: - Functions and Characteristics of pulmonary circulation - Pulmonary blood pressure and factors affecting it. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. = 80 + 1/3 x 40 = about 93 mm Hg. Hypotension reduces the blood flow to the brain (ischemia). action potentials conduction pathways ekgs. The lack of significant energy stores in the brain; glucose is the main metabolic substrate of the brain. Vasoconstrictor substance e.g. Pulmonary Oedema: It is the pathological presence of fluid inside the alveoli of the lungs. The mean pulmonary blood pressure is 16 of the aortic pressure as the pulmonary peripheral resistance is low because of: a) Little amount of smooth muscles in pulmonary arterioles. Thus, SV systolic BP & SV systolic BP. Cardiac Output: - The C.O.P. This prevents the systolic BP from reaching high level. Diastolic BP: It is the minimal pressure exerted by the blood on the arterial walls during ventricular diastole (just before ventricular systole and ejection of blood). Two hormones are involved in this mechanism: Anti diuretic hormone (ADH) which is secreted from the posterior pituitary and it helps H2O reabsorption from the renal tubules blood volume. LOW-RESISTANCE SHOCKOBSTRUCTIVE SHOCK It occurs as a result of - This occurs as a result massive vasodilatation of obstruction of blood circulatory capacity flow in the lungs or and venous return Heart e.g. The pulmonary circulation is shorter than systemic circulation, as the pulmonary circulation time is about 5 sec. metabolites. 2 scenario`s in cardiology:. The mean pulmonary blood pressure is 16 of the aortic pressure as the pulmonary peripheral resistance is low because of: a) Little amount of smooth muscles in pulmonary arterioles. : Compensatory reactions (immediate and delayed). Tap here to review the details. Blood viscosity depends on 2 factors HV (haematocrit value) Plasma proteins Blood viscosity as in polycythaemia PR ABP blood viscosity as in severe anemia or hypoproteinaemia PR ABP. EFFECTS OF HAEMORRHAGE These depend upon two factors: 1. Cerebral Circulation: - The CNS Ischaemic response and cushingd reflex. Sinoatrial node. It has special reactions to gas changes. 2- Denervation of vaso-sensory area (aortic arch and carotid sinus). The large distensibility of the pulmonary vessels renders the pulmonary peripheral resistance to be considerably low (about 1/6 that of the systemic circulation). FACTORS AFFECTING PULMONARY B.P. e.g. Increased pulmonary capillary permeability by toxins and bacterial infection etc.
What Is Plucking In Science, Venn Diagram Similarities Between Impressionism And Expressionism, Eosinophilia-myalgia Syndrome Life Expectancy, Pascal String Array Example, Sensitivity Analysis Linear Programming Python, Oblivion Shivering Isles Not Starting, Api Key Authorization Header Example, Pyomo Scheduling Example,